Organiser: CAMFIL Short description: Removal of fine particles, polyaromatic, hydrocarbons and reduction in mutagenicity of urban air using commercial air filter materials. Filter quality and influence on indoor air quality (IAQ.
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Laboratory tests found an operational prototype, using UV fluorescence, with a component cost of less than AU$2. A test rig pairing a fluorescence sensor with an electrical conductivity sensor was found to work effectively in two field trials on varying water quality conducted at Yarra Valley Water and Western Water. Final Report. Building industry capacity to make investment decisions with recycled water. Building industry capacity to make investment decisions with recycled water. University of Technology Sydney (UTS), represented by the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF)Prof Cynthia Mitchell$1 9. A knowledge base, tools and guides for planners, investors and decision makers considering water recycling has been established following the review of eight Australian water recycling schemes (including residential, industrial and irrigation schemes) from an economic, operational, regulatory and environmental perspective.
Analysis of the case studies, in a mix of suburban and regional locations highlights why context matters in every situation, and how the practical assessment of success often goes beyond financial measures of risks, costs and benefits. Final Report. Ceramic membrane and ozonation demonstration. Ceramic membrane and ozonation demonstration. Victoria University.
Function, System size, Neutral point connection to earth, Neutral point connection to earth + the connection method of the electrical installations exposed conductive parts. The Australian Water Recycling Centre of Excellence will enhance the management and use of water recycling nationally and internationally through industry and research partnerships.
Prof Mikel Duke$1 2. An economic cost comparison between ceramic and polymer membrane recycled water plants has found the flow rate performance and long life of ceramic membranes make them cheaper to operate than polymer membrane systems. The cost analysis compared two treatment systems using results from a trial at Melbourne Water’s Eastern Treatment Plant. This project demonstrated that the benefits of ceramic membranes, such as high integrity, long- life and chemical robustness may result in longer- term economic benefits to water utilities and recycled water plant operators. The research included a choice modelling study of Sydney households to estimate the economic value they place on the indirect benefits of recycled water. An easy- to- use Recycled Water Economic Assessment Tool was developed to apply the framework and applied by regional councils to asses managed aquifer recharge schemes in the Northern Territory, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. Final Report. Green chemicals to remove biofilm and preserve membranes.
Green chemicals to remove biofilm and preserve membranes. The University of Queensland – Advanced Water Management Centre. Prof Zhiguo Yuan$1 3. This project assessed the effectiveness of using Free Nitrous Acid (FNA) as a low- cost alternative for managing bio- fouling of reverse osmosis membranes (RO). A pilot plant demonstrated that FNA- based cleaning substantially improved the permeability of the membranes and reduced the differential pressure drop.
In addition, the trial found that no significant microbial growth occurred when FNA was used as a preservation solution. Final Report. Increased use of recycled water for irrigation. Increased use of recycled water for irrigation. South Australian R& D Institute (SARDI)Prof Jim Cox$1 4. Using recycled wastewater for irrigation as a climate resilient supply option also has environmental and economic benefits.
Sometimes more saline than traditional water sources, this project identified ways to improve the flushing action of rainfall and pinpoint salt sensitive growth stages in grape and almond crops in South Australia. Studies in the Mc. Laren Vale vineyard found that changes in soil preparation practices can manage salinity while research on almonds in the Northern Adelaide Plains found that the best time to supplement recycled water with non- saline water was pre- harvest. A guide to better manage aquifer recharge systems, based on case study lessons and economic benefit/cost analysis on MAR operations in five locations, in Alice Springs, Adelaide and Werribee and two in Perth, was produced. Favourable benefit- to- cost ratios were assessed in five of the six cases, often resulting from the avoided costs associated with other supply options. Final Report. Micropollutants, mixtures and transformation products. Micropollutants, mixtures and transformation products.
The University of Queensland – National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (ENTOX), Curtin University. Prof Beate Escher, Prof Jeff Charrois$1 1. This project examined bio- analytical tools to assess chemical risk of micropollutants in recycled water (such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals) by looking at effects as a sum parameter rather than measuring individual chemicals. Compounds with high potential to form toxic transformation products were identified through a rigorous literature review and experimental testing, allowing for more cost efficient and targeted bio- analytical assessment tools to be developed and used by regulators, industry and utilities to help ensure water quality. Laboratory trials found that nanoclay hybrid materials were effective in removing phosphorus from wastewaters. Although economically viable in the United States, the benefits and risks of using p- absorbent technologies against existing wastewater treatment technologies was found not to be economically attractive for use as an additive by the fertiliser industry in Australia at this time. Final Report. Optimal technology integration for treatment systems.
Optimal technology integration for treatment systems. The University of Queensland – Advanced Water Management Centre. Dr Shihu Hu$3 0. 36 8. After successfully cultivating a large- scale Anammox biomass in Australian conditions, the project team successfully demonstrated two novel carbon recovery processes – the Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (An.
MBR) process and the High Rate Activated Sludge (HRAS) process, which can respectively recover up to 9. As conventional nitrogen removal processes require a significant carbon supply two new nitrogen removal concepts (side- stream and main- stream Anammox processes) were trialled at pilot scale and found to remove the majority of nitrogen, without the need for carbon input, therefore maximising bioenergy recovery. Traditionally used to disinfect milk and other food products, the trial confirmed the effectiveness of pasteurisation as a disinfection process and found that variations of the feedwater parameters such as turbidity and p. H had little effect on the performance targets that measure a treatment technology’s effectiveness.
This project concluded that recharging aquifers with recycled treated wastewater was a cost- effective option for augmenting non- potable water supplies. In addition the research found that Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) has benefits for provision of irrigation water to nearby areas and replenishing nearby wetlands, while groundwater modelling demonstrated that modest additions of water can reverse coastal zone salt water intrusion by almost a kilometre. Economic analysis of successful resource recovery initiatives world- wide concluded that increased pressure from population growth, higher demand for natural resources, rising costs and growing community expectations, will require the water industry identify innovative ways to recover resources from wastewater. The innovative new advanced treatment system was designed to be robust and reliable, requiring minimal skilled operator involvement, low chemical and energy consumption, and providing reliable performance. The plant was tested at Tas.
Water’s Selfs Point Wastewater Treatment plant prior to it being shipped to the Australian Antarctic Division’s Davis Station for further trials. The project recognised the potential that ponds, which are widely used in regional and remote communities for wastewater treatment, have to produce recycled water to offset potable uses and save energy costs.
Research was conducted at Maningrida and Ngukurr in the Northern Territory and Helidon in Southeast Queensland. The project investigated how water recycling could be enhanced and high quality food standards upheld. A framework for selecting recycled water technology options and a tool to evaluate the value proposition for different recycling options was developed and validated through case studies conducted in the dairy food and meat sectors and knowledge and learnings made available. Current validation approaches consider water treatment processes individually and fail to consider and quantify the reliability benefits provided by combining multiple barriers as these unlikely to all fail simultaneously. The use of Bayesian Nets was identified as a means of collating information describing system performance, as well as producing validation conclusions through the formalised description of cause- effect relationships that define treatment process mechanisms and observational data. This project provided guidance on methods for the concentration, detection and enumeration of reference pathogens used in the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling to demonstrate treatment system performance.
Recommendations on the choice of reference pathogens and indicator microorganisms were provided, pathogen concentration and testing methods were developed or evaluated and an inter- laboratory trial was conducted to assist in improving consistency across the industry. The project team reviewed literature and industry data on failure mechanisms to develop a validation protocol for RO membranes. Novel techniques for online validation and challenge testing were assessed and recommended. In addition to a validation protocol, research outcomes include a detailed literature review as well as innovative strategies for continuous monitoring of RO performance.
Final Report. Development of validation protocols for Membrane Bio. Reactors (MBR)Development of validation protocols for Membrane Bio. Reactors (MBR)University of New South Wales.
Associate Professor Pierre Le- Clech$1 6.